Patient Name:
Sara
Age: 19 years ID No:35302- 6919233-1 Address: _ _ _ Rx
Calamine 8gm Zinc
oxide 8gm Glycerin 2
ml Bentonite magma 25
ml Calcium
hydroxide 100
ml Directions Dispensed
Date:
09-10-2016 Shake well before use.
Expiry Date: 10-11-2017 Use
only as directed by the physician. Precautions For external use only. Keep out of reach of children. Store
in cool and dry place. Applications Distributed
By: It is used
as Anti-pruritic and Antiseptic. MajorM Pharmaceuticals |
Practical
# 4
PREPARE COD LIVER OIL EMULSION
THEORY
Emulsions
are biphasic system that consists of an oil phase and aqueous phase stabilised
by a third agent called as emulsifying agent.
Cod liver
oil is obtained from Cod fish. It is a source of Vitamin A & D. Deficiency
of Vitamin A causes night blindness and that of vitamin D causes bone
abnormalities such as Rickets.
So it is used for treatment of night
blindness and rickets.
APPARATUS
·
Pestle and mortar
·
Weighing balance
·
Beakers
·
Spatula
·
Measuring
cylinder
·
Stirrer
·
Watch
glass
INGREDIENTS
·
Cod
liver oil = 500 ml
·
Gum Acacia = 12.5 g
·
Tragacanth
= 7 g
·
Lemon
rose oil = 1 g
·
Saccharin = 0.1 g
·
Chloroform
= 2 ml
·
Purified
water = 100 ml
PROCEDURE
Weigh gum acacia and tragacanth. Take
acacia powder in water with the help of water lavigate it till cracking sound
is produced. Then add tragacanth and lavigate it. Add cod liver oil in small
portion of water and dissolve it in to primary emulsion with constant mixing.
Dissolve saccharin in small portion of water and dissolve it in to primary
emulsion with constant mixing. Then add
USES
·
Source
of vitamin A&D.
·
For
the treatment of night blindness and rickets.
·
As
a food supplement
ROLE OF INGREDIENT
COD LIVER
OIL
Active
ingredient, add as a source of vitamin A&D.
GUM
ACACIA
Primary emulsion,
Demulcant, topically healing wound, increase viscosity.
TRAGACANTH
Suspending agent , used
for both diahorrea and constipation, stabilise thickening agent.
LEMON
ROSE OIL
Flavourant.
SACCHARINE
Sweetening
agent.
CHLOROFORM
Stabilizer for lemon
rose oil and as a preservative .
PURIFIED
WATER
Vehicle.
|
PASH
PHARMACY PHYSICIAN NAME = Shaharyar PATIENT NAME = Wajahat AGE = 22 yrs DATE = 09-10-16 COD LIVER OIL EMULSION Rx CODE = 556 REFILLS = None DIRECTIONS = for oral use only PRECAUTIONS = shake well before use STORAGE = store in cool and dry place EXPIRY DATE = 09-11-16 |
Practical
# 5
Preparation of calcium carbonate powder
Powders
Definition
Pharmaceutical preparations which contain mixture of
chemical agents or drug substances in dry and finally subdivided state. These
are prepared from naturally occurring vegetable drugs and mixture of two or
more chemical substances in definite proportion.
Theory
The administration of
powders is either internally i.e. through oral route e.g. laxatives, dietary
supplements, glaxo-D, vitamin C etc externally e.g. dusting powders,
insufflators, dentrifices& douche powders or by parenteral route.
Powders are dispensed
in two forms i.e. bulk form or divided form depending upon the potency and
nature of drug. Different powders are prepared on the basis of particle size
i.e. coarse, very coarse, moderately coarse, fine and very fine. The processes
involved in powder mixing are spatulations, trituration, sifting and tumbling.
Powders are packed in
different containers like plastic or glass jars, in small sachets and in powder
papers. Powders are more stable than liquid dosage form and large quantity of
bulky drugs can be administered with rapid dissolution and absorption.
Formula
Calcium
carbonate----------------------37.5g
Sodium
bicarbonate---------------------37.5g
Heavy magnesium
carbonate----------12.5g
Light
kaolin------------------------------12.5g
Role of ingredients
All are active
ingredients.
Procedure
Weigh all the
ingredients properly. Take pestle and mortar and add calcium carbonate and
sodium bicarbonate in it. Mix them properly to form a mixture. Add an equal
amount of heavy magnesium carbonate and light kaolin in another pestle and
mortar and mix properly. Then mix the two mixtures in ascending order.
Container
Keep it in air tight
well closed containers.
Mode of use
Prescribed amount is
dissolved in required amount of water and take orally.
Uses
* Calcium carbonate is
a dietary supplement used when the amount of calcium taken in the diet is not
enough. Calcium is needed by the body for healthy bones, muscles, nervous
system and heart. It is also used as antacid to relieve heart burn, acid
indigestion and upset stomach.
* Sodium bicarbonate
is used as antacid in ulcers especially duodenal ulcers.
* Magnesium carbonate
is used as magnesium supplement. Magnesium is important for the normal
functioning of cells, nerves, muscles, bones and heart.
* Light kaolin is used
to relieve soreness and swelling of mouth. It is also used to relieve ulcers
and inflammation of colon.
Label
Ingredients
Calcium Carbonate …….37.5g Sodium Bicarbonate
…...37.5g Heavy Mg Carbonate
….12.5g
Light Kaolin ...12.5g
Indications
Deficiency of calcium and
magnesium. How to use Prescribed
amount is dissolved in required amount of water and take orally. Calcium
Carbonate Powder 100g
SM Pharmacy
Patient
Name: XYZ
Age :
Dispense
Date:
Expiry Date:
Storage conditions
Keep it in air tight well closed containers and store in cool and dry place.
Practical # 6
PREPRATION OF COLD CREAM
Cold cream is and emulsion of
water and certain fats, usually including beeswax and various scent
agents, designed to smooth skin and remove makeup. The emulsion is of a
"water in oil" type unlike the "oil in water" type emulsion
of vanishing cream, so-called because it seems to disappear when applied on
skin. The name "cold cream" derives from the cooling feeling that the
cream leaves on the skin. Variations of the product have been used for nearly
2000 years.
Cold cream is mainly used for skin
treatment (such as a facial mask or lip wax), due to its moisturizing
properties. It can also be used to remove makeup and as shaving
cream.
Apparatus:
Beaker, Stirrer, Spatula, Water bath,
Pestle and Mortar.
Procedure:
Trimethylamine is weigh according to formula and dissolved in
given quantity of water and heated at 70C . This makes aqueous phase of cold
cream .
Bees wax, lanoline, glycerin, and borax weighed according to
formula. Dissolved in miner oil and heated at 70C.
This make oily phase of cold cream. Now this is most
important step and require experience and and at 70C both phases are mixed with
constant stirring to form water and oil emulsion. It is important to
stirrer continuously while adding the
aqueous phase to oily phase to get W/O emulsion.
Keep stirring till temperature comes down to room
temperature. Sufficient quantity of perfume, methyl paraben is added .before
packing product into suitable wide mouth labeled container.
Uses:-
· Emollient
· Ointment base
|
CHEMICALS |
QUANTITY |
ROLE |
|
1. Bees Wax 2. Mineral Oil 3. Borax 4. Water 5.
Lanolin 6.
Glycerin 7. Methyl
Parabin 8.
Triethanol Amine 9. Perfume |
30g 46g 1g 6g 6g 1g 0.2 1g Q.S |
Stabilizing
agent Solvent Antiseptic Vehicle Soothing
Agent Active
Ingedient Preservative
Preservative |
Practical # 7
Preparation of shaving cream
Shaving cream :
Shaving cream or shaving foam is cream
applied to the face, or wherever else hair grows, to facilitate shaving. The
use of cream achieves three effects: lubricates the cutting process; swells
keratin; and desensitizes skin. Shaving creams commonly consist of an emulsion
of oils, soaps or surfactants, and water.
Properties:
Easy
and rapid production of copious lather.
Resistance
to rapid drying.
Lubrication to make the razor glide over the face more
easily and painlessly.
Rapid softening of beard and sufficient
viscosity to hold the hair erect to facilitate cutting the individual hair.
Procedure
:
Melt half of stearic acid with coconut oil
on water bath .To this add alkali with continuous stirring to sponifyoil,then
add remaining of stearic acid separately warm glycerol and half of water at 650
C and add slowly to sponify liquid with continuous stirring until a cleaning
paste is formed.Heat remaining amount of
water about 440C and quickly to cream with continuous
stirring add preservative and perfume.
USES:
Apply to skin to facilitate removing of
hair.
|
CHEMICALS |
QUANTITY |
ROLE |
|
1.
stearic acid 2. cocnut oil 3.
KOH 4.
NAOH 5.
Glycerol 6.
water 7. Methyl paraben 8.
Perfume |
38.3g 9.7g 8g 1.6g 11.6g 30.3ml 0.2g q.s |
Surfactant Antibacterial Neutralizers Conditioning agent and emollient Vehicle preservative |
Practical # 8
Preparation of tannic acid paste
What is Paste Dosage form?
Definition:
"A semisolid dosage form, containing a large proportion
(20 - 50%) of solids finely dispersed in a fatty vehicle. This dosage form is
generally for external application to the skin or mucous membranes.”
Historical background of usage of tannic
acid:
In early times,tannic acid was used for
removal of poison in combination with charcoal and Mg(OH)2 but later on it was
found out that charcoal decreases the efficacy of tannic acid.it is also used
to treat wounds.
Apparatus:
• Beaker
• Weighing
balance
• Spatula
• Stirrer
Chemicals:
• Glycerine
…………………….. 17ml
• Tannic
acid ………………….. 3g
Procedure:
• Weigh
accurately tannic acid in weighing balance.
• Take
17ml glycerine in a small beaker.
• Add
glycerine in tannic acid upto 17ml.
• Now
mix glycerine and tannic acid with constant stirring.
• Constantly
mix with constant stirring until a smooth paste forms.
Uses:
• As
a flavouring agent.
• As
an ointment or suppository.
• For
sore throat,inflammation,dipperrash,skin rash.
• To
stop bleeding.
• For
fever blisters.
Orally;
• For
bleeding gums.
• For
chronic diarrhea, dysentery, bloody urine, persistant cough, painful joints.
Directions for use:
• For
local use only.
• Apply
smoothly on the demaged area.
Pracrical # 9
PREPARE SINGLEDOSE OF PERGATIVE MIXTURE
Purgative:
A drug or agent for purging the bowels.
Or
Tending to cleanse or purge especially causing evacuation of the bowels.
Apparatus:
Cylinder, Beaker,Stirrer,Morter and Pestle, Filter Paper.
Rx
MgSO4 4g
MgCo3 0.5g
Fennel Water 10ml
Procedure:
1. Mix MgSO4 and MgCo3 in morter and
pestle.
2. Then add 5ml water and mix.
3. Put in cylinder and mekeup volume with
rest of 5ml water.
Uses:
Purgative
Practical # 10
Preparation of Ear Drops
Deinition :-
Ear drops are a form of medicine used to
treat or prevent ear infections, especially infections of the outer ear and ear
canal (otitis externa). Bacterial infections are sometimes treated with
antibiotics. Examples are: Ciprodex ear drops containing ciprofloxacin and
dexamethasone.
Rx
Hydrogen peroxide 6% = 25ml
H2O q.s to make 10 ml
Apparatus:
Beaker
Glass rod
Measuring cylinders
Procedure:
Washing cleaning and drying the apparatus
as per Sop per. Mix hydrogen peroxide with sufficient purified water to make
required volume (10ml). Transfer to a dropper label & dispense. Auxillary
label for external use only must be written.
Uses:
H2O2 is used to remove ear wax, act as
antiseptic deodorant, for detecting dead tissue, as deodorant gargles, for
mouth washes, for bleaching hair.
Storage:
In cool and dry place.
Practical # 11
Preparation of 0.2 % Glyceryltrinitrate 25
gram Ointment
Theory
Glyceryltrinitrate is used to treat angina
(sudden pains in the chest), heart failure and in heart surgery. It is also
used as a rectal ointment to relieve the pain from anal fissures, which are
tears in the lining of your anal passage. It is a nitrate, sometimes known as a
nitrate vasodilator.
Ointment
A smooth oily preparation that is rubbed
on the skin for medicinal
purposes or as a cosmetic
Rx
Nitroglycerin….6.5 mg
Liquid paraffin….5 ml
Simple ointment…q.s
Procedure
Dry and slean the apparatus. Take 8
tablets of nitroglycerin and crush them in mortoe and pestle.
Transfer the powder to slab and pour the
liquid paraffin.
Add simple ointment in small slab.
Mix the ingredients gently.
Transfer the prepared ointment in already
labeled container.
USE
Vasodilator
Nitroglycerin is used for the treatment of
angina,acute myocardial infarction, severe hypertension and coronary artery
spasms. Glyceryltrinitrate is used for the treatment of chest pain presumed to
be due to the heart and heart failure.
Practical # 12
Prepare and Dispense Aluminum hydroxide
Suspension
Theory
The action of suspending something or the
condition of being suspended, in particular.
Apparatus :-
Mortor and pestle , beakers, stirrer,watch
glass, weighing balance
Ingredients :-
Aluminium hydroxide gel …… 36.26g
Sorbitol…….
282g
Syrup ……. 93
ml
Methyl
parabin……… 0.9g
Propyl
parabin……. 0.3g
Glycerine……...0.25ml
Flovour ……….0.5 ml
Purified
water…….. q.s
Procedure :-
Dissolve methyl parabin and propyl parabin.
Sorbitol ,glycerine and syrup with the
portion of water. Mix solution of parabins with these mixture .Then aluminium
hydroxide is add with constant stirring.
Finally add flavoring agent and make upn
the final volume
Uses:-
As Antacid
Role of ingredient
Aluminiumhydroxide :- As Thickening agent
Methyl and propyl parabin :- Preservative
Sorbitol syrup :- Sweetening agent
Practical # 13
To prepare and dispense zinc and salicylic
acid paste
Theory
Paste is a semisolid preparation
containing one or more medicament intended for application to the skin. They contain
high content of insoluble solids in a suitable base (aqueous or fatty). Paste
are more absorptive and less greasy as compare to ointment. They are more
thickened stiffer and has less fluidity.
Apparatus
Pestle and mortar, beaker, stirrer and weighing
balance.
Ingredients:
Salicylic acid ___________
2gms
Zinc oxide ___________ 24gms
Starch ___________ 24gms
White soft paraffin ______
50gms
Procedure
Prepare zinc oxide paste, mix zinc oxide
and starch thoroughly incorporate while soft paraffin into it. Then triturate
salicylic acid with a portion of paste and triturate until a smooth mixture is
formed. Dispense it in a suitable container and label it.
Uses
Protectant
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